5.3 Gettier and Other Complications
Updated: January 23, 2025
Summary
Cases in epistemology, notably Gettier cases, challenge the justified true belief analysis of knowledge. Examples include justified beliefs proven false later, like an incorrect oasis belief or a qualified candidate losing a job. The lottery paradox illustrates how probability judgments can differ from outcomes, affecting certainty in knowledge. Accidental knowledge instances, such as speedometer accuracy discrepancies, raise questions about chance's role in knowledge. The video discusses knowledge variability across contexts and circumstances, emphasizing the complexity of defining knowledge in diverse scenarios.
Introduction to Gettier Cases
Cases in epistemology, particularly the Gettier cases, are famous and challenge the justified true belief analysis of knowledge.
The Oasis Example
An example where a justified belief about an oasis is later proven to be false, challenging the traditional view of knowledge.
Job Applicant Scenario
A scenario where a well-qualified man is expected to get a job but another candidate is chosen, leading to a justified belief that turns out to be false.
The Lottery Paradox
Discussion on the lottery paradox where a probability judgment is made but the outcome differs, impacting knowledge certainty.
Accidental Knowledge
Exploring accidental knowledge through examples like speedometer accuracy and train schedules, questioning the role of chance in knowledge.
Context and Variability of Knowledge
Considering the variability of knowledge based on context, importance of tasks, and differing circumstances in knowledge evaluation.
The Essence of Knowledge
Debating the essence of knowledge and its varying roles, highlighting the complexity of defining knowledge in different contexts.
FAQ
Q: What are the Gettier cases in epistemology?
A: The Gettier cases are examples that challenge the traditional justified true belief analysis of knowledge.
Q: Can you provide an example of a Gettier case?
A: One example is when a justified belief about an oasis is later proven to be false, challenging the traditional view of knowledge.
Q: What is the lottery paradox in relation to knowledge?
A: The lottery paradox involves a probability judgment being made, but the outcome differs, impacting the certainty of knowledge.
Q: How is accidental knowledge explored in the discussion?
A: Accidental knowledge is explored through examples like speedometer accuracy and train schedules, questioning the role of chance in knowledge.
Q: What factors contribute to the variability of knowledge based on context?
A: The variability of knowledge can be influenced by the importance of tasks, differing circumstances, and the context in which knowledge is evaluated.
Q: What is debated in the essence of knowledge and its varying roles?
A: The essence of knowledge and its varying roles are debated, highlighting the complexity of defining knowledge in different contexts.
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